https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119066880.ch9
Intense non?linear chorus emissions are generated in the low?density region outside the plasmasphere during the convective injection of plasma sheet electrons into the inner magnetosphere. A small portion of chorus emissions are able to propagate to high latitudes and are refracted into the plasmasphere to provide an embryonic source for plasmaspheric hiss. A third class of whistler?mode wave, the equatorial magnetosonic wave, is generated by ion ring distributions, which develop mostly on the dayside following ion injection into the ring current. All three classes of whistler?mode waves play a role in storm?time electron dynamics. Specifically, chorus provides the major mechanism for the scattering of low?energy electrons into the atmosphere and is responsible for the global distribution of the diffuse aurora. Chorus is also primarily responsible for the stochastic acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies, over a timescale comparable to or less than a day, leading to local peaks in electron phase space density in the outer radiation zone. Equatorial magnetosonic waves can also contribute to electron acceleration but only over a much longer timescale (~10 days). During the recovery phase of a storm, the plasmasphere refills causing the plasmapause to move outward, leaving accelerated electrons trapped within the relatively benign dense plasmasphere, where they are slowly removed by scattering loss into the atmosphere due to interactions with plasmaspheric hiss and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves.