Taking advantage of the superb capabilities of Chandra and XMM-Newton, during the last decade we have dramatically increased our knowledge on various aspects of the galaxy formation and evolution. I will review recent results on early-type galaxies based on X-ray observations, including both diffuse hot gas and point sources (stellar binaries and AGNs). In particular, I will focus on (1) the X-ray luminosity function of los-mass X-ray binaries, (2) X-ray scaling relations between the physical quantities of the hot ISM (LX and TX) and those of galaxies (LK, ?*), and (3) metal abundances and abundance ratios of the hot ISM. I will further address the implications of X-ray observational results, e.g., star formation episodes, dynamical and chemical evolutionary states of hot gas in early-type galaxies.