1. Overview of the Bidding   1) Project Name: Development of AI-Enabled Data Infrastructure on Space-Based RSO Detection & Tracking and Post-Launch Adaptation   2) Method of Bidding and Contracting: International Open Competitive Bidding, Lump-Sum Bidding, and Contract by Negotiation   3) Estimated Budget: USD 832,937     * The Estimated Budget excludes Korean VAT and any Korean withholding taxes, if applicable. Such taxes shall be separately borne and paid by KASI in accordance with applicable Korean law and the relevant tax treaty and shall not be deducted from the Contract Price. All taxes, duties, fees, and charges imposed outside the Republic of Korea, including those arising in the Bidder’s or Contractor’s country, shall be included in the Bid Price and borne solely by the Bidder or Contractor, without any additional charge to KASI.   4) Contract Period: From the Effective Date of the Contract through October 31, 2030.   5) Performance Schedule and Deliverables: The Contractor shall perform the Services and submit the Deliverables in accordance with the annual milestones and delivery schedule specified in the Request for Proposal (RFP) and the Contract.   6) Payment: Payments shall be made in installments after KASI has completed its inspection and accepted the applicable milestone Deliverables, in accordance with the payment ratios and schedule specified in the RFP and the Contract. Each payment shall be subject to receipt of a valid invoice and all required payment documents. Banking charges incurred outside the Republic of Korea, including any intermediary bank charges, shall be borne by the Contractor. Banking charges incurred within the Republic of Korea shall be borne by KASI. The Bid Price shall be deemed to include all banking charges to be borne by the Contractor.   7) Technical Support Period: One (1) year from the date of final acceptance by KASI, at no additional cost. This obligation shall survive the expiration or completion of the Contract Period.   8) Consortium bids, joint bids, and subcontracting are not permitted. The Bidder shall participate as a single entity and perform the Contract independently. 2. Qualification of Bidder   1) Bidders shall satisfy the qualification requirements under Article 12 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Contracts to Which the State Is a Party and shall not be subject to any restriction on participation in bidding under Article 76 of the same Decree or applicable KASI regulations.   2) A Bidder shall not be eligible to participate if, as of the Bid Closing Date, it is subject to bankruptcy, liquidation, insolvency, receivership, rehabilitation, administration, or any equivalent proceeding that materially impairs its ability to perform the Contract. 3. Submission of the Bid   1) Bid Closing Date and Time: September 4, 2026, at 15:00 Korea Standard Time (KST, UTC+9)   2) Bid Documents     (1) Bid Application: It shall be filled out in the attached Form Ⅰ.     (2) Price Proposal: The Price Proposal shall be completed using attached Form II and enclosed in a separate sealed envelope.     (3) Bid Security or, where an exemption is requested, supporting documents and a Bid Security Payment Undertaking completed using attached Form III.     (4) Technical Proposal, the forms and supporting documents required by the RFP for evaluation, and a USB drive containing a PDF copy of the Technical Proposal.     (5) Business registration or equivalent legal-entity document     (6) Power of Attorney and evidence of the signatory’s authority, where applicable     (7) Any other document required by the RFP.   3) Bid Documents shall be delivered by hand or by registered courier to the address specified below and must be received by KASI no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. A Bidder bears all risks of delay, loss, misdelivery, or damage in transit. A Bid received after the deadline shall not be accepted, regardless of the date of dispatch.      * Address: 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, South Korea      ※ A Bidder using an international courier shall notify KASI by email of the courier name, tracking number, dispatch date, and expected delivery date. Such notice shall not constitute receipt or acceptance of the Bid by KASI.   4) The Bid currency shall be United States dollars (USD)   5) Where the Bid is signed or submitted by an authorized representative, the Bidder shall submit a power of attorney, evidence of the representative’s authority, and a copy of the representative’s passport or other government-issued identification.   6) The Technical Proposal and Price Proposal shall be prepared in English. Documents originally issued in another language shall be accompanied by an English translation. KASI may request a certified translation where necessary. In the event of any inconsistency, the original official document shall prevail for purposes of verifying authenticity, while the English translation shall be used for evaluation. 4. Bid Security   1) Each Bidder shall furnish Bid Security in favor of KASI in an amount not less than five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. The Bid Security shall remain valid for at least six (6) months from the Bid Closing Date, and its currency shall be the same as the Bid currency.   2) Bid Security may be furnished in cash, by a bid bond insurance policy, an unconditional and irrevocable bank guarantee, an irrevocable standby letter of credit, or any other form permitted under KASI regulations and accepted by KASI.     (1) In the case of a bid bond insurance policy, the policy shall be issued by SGI Seoul Guarantee or another insurer accepted by KASI, shall name KASI as the insured, and shall be delivered to KASI no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. The Bidder shall confirm its eligibility for issuance directly with the relevant insurer in advance.     (2) In the case of an irrevocable standby letter of credit or an unconditional and irrevocable bank guarantee, it shall be advised through KEB Hana Bank (1st Floor, Golfzon Joymaru, 40 Expo-ro 97beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34125, Republic of Korea, Tel.: +82-42-628-1111, Ext. 102, E-mail: kwakej@hanafn.com). The standby letter of credit or bank guarantee shall be payable upon KASI’s first written demand stating that the successful Bidder, without justifiable cause, has failed to execute the Contract within the period specified by KASI.     (3) A Bidder intending to furnish Bid Security in cash shall obtain KASI’s bank account details from the contractual point of contact in advance and ensure that the funds are credited to KASI’s account by the Bid Closing Date and Time.     (4) KASI may waive all or part of the Bid Security, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and KASI regulations, for: (i) a central or local government agency; (ii) a public institution or equivalent foreign public-sector entity; (iii) a legal entity at least 50% of whose basic assets are contributed or invested by a central or local government; or (iv) a research institute or university having a valid Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MOU) with KASI, provided that KASI determines that the applicable grounds for exemption are satisfied and that there is no material risk that the Bidder will refuse to enter into the Contract after award. A Bidder seeking an exemption shall submit supporting documents and a Bid Security Payment Undertaking in the form required by KASI no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. The exemption shall be effective only upon KASI’s approval. If the exemption is not approved, the Bidder shall be deemed not to have furnished the required Bid Security, and the Bid may be invalidated in accordance with applicable laws, KASI regulations, and the Bidding Documents.   3) Bid Security furnished by unsuccessful Bidders shall be released or returned promptly after the successful Bidder has executed the Contract, or after the bidding procedure has been cancelled, unless otherwise required by applicable law or KASI regulations. The successful Bidder’s Bid Security shall be released after execution of the Contract and submission of the required Performance Security.   4) The Bid Security shall be forfeited if the successful Bidder, without justifiable cause, fails to execute the Contract within the period specified by KASI. 5. Performance Security   1)The successful Bidder shall furnish Performance Security in favor of KASI in an amount not less than ten percent (10%) of the total Contract Price no later than the execution of the Contract; provided, however, that KASI may permit a foreign successful Bidder to furnish it within a separately specified period after execution of the Contract. Failure to furnish the Performance Security within the period specified by KASI shall constitute a material breach of the Contract and may result in suspension of payment, termination of the Contract, or other remedies available under the Contract and applicable KASI regulations.   2) The Performance Security may be furnished in cash, by a performance bond insurance policy, an unconditional and irrevocable bank guarantee, an irrevocable standby letter of credit, or any other form permitted under KASI regulations and accepted by KASI. Any bank guarantee or standby letter of credit shall be issued by a reputable bank acceptable to KASI. The Performance Security shall remain valid until completion and final acceptance of the Contract, or until such later date as specified in the RFP or the Contract.   3) KASI may waive all or part of the Performance Security where permitted under KASI regulations. A Contractor granted such waiver shall submit a Performance Security Payment Undertaking in the form required by KASI. 6. Liquidated Damages for Delay   1) If the Contractor fails, for reasons attributable to the Contractor, to complete the Services or submit an applicable Deliverable by the contractual due date, liquidated damages shall accrue at the rate of 0.125% of the total Contract Price for each calendar day of delay. Where a completed and severable portion has been inspected and accepted by KASI, the value of that portion shall be deducted from the Contract Price used as the basis for calculating liquidated damages. The aggregate liquidated damages shall not exceed thirty percent (30%) of the total Contract Price. No liquidated damages shall accrue for any period of delay not attributable to the Contractor.   2) KASI may terminate the Contract if, without justifiable cause, the Contractor’s delay causes the accrued liquidated damages to reach or exceed ten percent (10%) of the total Contract Price. 7. Determination of the Successful Bidder   1) Bidders eligible for negotiation shall be selected and ranked based on their combined Technical and Price Evaluation scores. KASI shall conduct negotiations in order of ranking, and the successful Bidder shall be determined only upon successful completion of negotiations.   2) The evaluation shall consist of a Technical Evaluation of up to ninety (90) points and a Price Evaluation of up to ten (10) points, for a total of one hundred (100) points. The detailed evaluation criteria, scoring methods, and requirements for eligibility for negotiation are set forth in the RFP.   3) If negotiations with the highest-ranked negotiation-eligible Bidder are unsuccessful, KASI may terminate those negotiations and commence negotiations with the next-ranked negotiation-eligible Bidder. KASI shall not conduct negotiations concurrently with multiple Bidders unless expressly permitted under the applicable rules. 8. Invalidation of the Bid    A Bid shall be invalid if it falls under any ground for invalidation prescribed in Article 44 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to Which the State Is a Party, applicable KASI procurement regulations, or the bidding documents. 9. Remarks   1) This procurement is conducted on an urgent basis due to the Project implementation schedule and its linkage with the national program.   2)  This Project may be adjusted, suspended, or terminated depending on the results of stage-gate evaluations conducted by KASA, changes in government policy, or national budget allocations. Any such adjustment, suspension, or termination shall not, by itself, constitute a default or breach by KASI. Payment and final settlement shall be made in accordance with the Contract and applicable laws for Services properly performed and accepted by KASI.   3) Bidders shall review and understand the RFP and all other bidding documents before submitting a Bid and shall bear the consequences of any failure to do so.   4) All Bid Documents shall be complete, accurate, and truthful. If any material statement or document is found to be false, forged, altered, or misleading, KASI may invalidate the Bid, cancel the award, terminate the Contract, forfeit any applicable security where permitted under the relevant security provisions, and take any other action permitted under applicable law and KASI regulations.   5) All documents submitted for this Bidding shall not be returned.   6) Each Bidder shall bear all costs incurred in preparing and submitting its Bid. Evaluation results shall be disclosed only to the extent required or permitted by applicable laws and KASI regulations, and any objection shall be handled in accordance with the procedures prescribed by KASI.   7) Bidders shall keep confidential all non-public information obtained in connection with this bidding and shall use it solely for the purpose of preparing their Bids, except where disclosure is required by applicable law or authorized in writing by KASI. Any violation may result in civil or criminal liability, restriction on participation in future KASI bidding, or other measures under applicable laws and KASI regulations.   8) This bidding procedure and the resulting Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Korea, without regard to its conflict-of-laws principles.   9) Matters relating to the bidding, proposal evaluation, negotiation, and contract award procedures shall be governed by the KASI regulations and bidding documents in effect as of the Bid Closing Date.   10) In the event of any inconsistency before execution of the Contract, this Bid Notice shall prevail with respect to administrative bidding matters, including the submission deadline, submission method, Bid Documents, Bid Security, and Bid currency. For all other matters, the order of precedence specified in the RFP shall apply. After execution of the Contract, the order of precedence specified in the Contract shall apply. 10. RFP and Related Bidding Documents    For detailed requirements concerning technical matters, performance, interfaces, quality, security, intellectual property, proposal preparation, evaluation, negotiation, and contractual terms, Bidders shall review and comply with the RFP and all Annexes and Attachments, which form an integral part of the bidding documents. 11. Point of Contact  Contractual matters Technical matters  Procurement Team  Attn.: Kim Hyungjung  Tel: +82-42-865-3344  e-mail: klight2@kasi.re.kr  Center for Space Situational Awareness  Attn.: Kim Myungjin  Tel: +82-42-869-5914  e-mail: skarma@kasi.re.kr 2026. 8. 24. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

1. Overview of the Bidding   1) Project Name: Development of AI-Enabled Data Infrastructure on Space-Based RSO Detection & Tracking and Post-Launch Adaptation   2) Method of Bidding and Contracting: International Open Competitive Bidding, Lump-Sum Bidding, and Contract by Negotiation   3) Estimated Budget: USD 832,937     * The Estimated Budget excludes Korean VAT and any Korean withholding taxes, if applicable. Such taxes shall be separately borne and paid by KASI in accordance with applicable Korean law and the relevant tax treaty and shall not be deducted from the Contract Price. All taxes, duties, fees, and charges imposed outside the Republic of Korea, including those arising in the Bidder’s or Contractor’s country, shall be included in the Bid Price and borne solely by the Bidder or Contractor, without any additional charge to KASI.   4) Contract Period: From the Effective Date of the Contract through October 31, 2030.   5) Performance Schedule and Deliverables: The Contractor shall perform the Services and submit the Deliverables in accordance with the annual milestones and delivery schedule specified in the Request for Proposal (RFP) and the Contract.   6) Payment: Payments shall be made in installments after KASI has completed its inspection and accepted the applicable milestone Deliverables, in accordance with the payment ratios and schedule specified in the RFP and the Contract. Each payment shall be subject to receipt of a valid invoice and all required payment documents. Banking charges incurred outside the Republic of Korea, including any intermediary bank charges, shall be borne by the Contractor. Banking charges incurred within the Republic of Korea shall be borne by KASI. The Bid Price shall be deemed to include all banking charges to be borne by the Contractor.   7) Technical Support Period: One (1) year from the date of final acceptance by KASI, at no additional cost. This obligation shall survive the expiration or completion of the Contract Period.    8) Consortium bids, joint bids, and subcontracting are not permitted. The Bidder shall participate as a single entity and perform the Contract independently. 2. Qualification of Bidder   1) Bidders shall satisfy the qualification requirements under Article 12 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Contracts to Which the State Is a Party and shall not be subject to any restriction on participation in bidding under Article 76 of the same Decree or applicable KASI regulations.   2) A Bidder shall not be eligible to participate if, as of the Bid Closing Date, it is subject to bankruptcy, liquidation, insolvency, receivership, rehabilitation, administration, or any equivalent proceeding that materially impairs its ability to perform the Contract. 3. Submission of the Bid   1) Bid Closing Date and Time: August 24, 2026, at 15:00 Korea Standard Time (KST, UTC+9)   2) Bid Documents     (1) Bid Application: It shall be filled out in the attached Form Ⅰ.     (2) Price Proposal: The Price Proposal shall be completed using attached Form II and enclosed in a separate sealed envelope.     (3) Bid Security or, where an exemption is requested, supporting documents and a Bid Security Payment Undertaking completed using attached Form III.     (4) Technical Proposal, the forms and supporting documents required by the RFP for evaluation, and a USB drive containing a PDF copy of the Technical Proposal.     (5) Business registration or equivalent legal-entity document     (6) Power of Attorney and evidence of the signatory’s authority, where applicable     (7) Any other document required by the RFP.   3) Bid Documents shall be delivered by hand or by registered courier to the address specified below and must be received by KASI no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. A Bidder bears all risks of delay, loss, misdelivery, or damage in transit. A Bid received after the deadline shall not be accepted, regardless of the date of dispatch.      * Address: 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, South Korea      ※ A Bidder using an international courier shall notify KASI by email of the courier name, tracking number, dispatch date, and expected delivery date. Such notice shall not constitute receipt or acceptance of the Bid by KASI.   4) The Bid currency shall be United States dollars (USD)   5) Where the Bid is signed or submitted by an authorized representative, the Bidder shall submit a power of attorney, evidence of the representative’s authority, and a copy of the representative’s passport or other government-issued identification.   6) The Technical Proposal and Price Proposal shall be prepared in English. Documents originally issued in another language shall be accompanied by an English translation. KASI may request a certified translation where necessary. In the event of any inconsistency, the original official document shall prevail for purposes of verifying authenticity, while the English translation shall be used for evaluation. 4. Bid Security   1) Each Bidder shall furnish Bid Security in favor of KASI in an amount not less than five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. The Bid Security shall remain valid for at least six (6) months from the Bid Closing Date, and its currency shall be the same as the Bid currency.   2) Bid Security may be furnished in cash, by a bid bond insurance policy, an unconditional and irrevocable bank guarantee, an irrevocable standby letter of credit, or any other form permitted under KASI regulations and accepted by KASI.     (1) In the case of a bid bond insurance policy, the policy shall be issued by SGI Seoul Guarantee or another insurer accepted by KASI, shall name KASI as the insured, and shall be delivered to KASI no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. The Bidder shall confirm its eligibility for issuance directly with the relevant insurer in advance.     (2) In the case of an irrevocable standby letter of credit or an unconditional and irrevocable bank guarantee, it shall be advised through KEB Hana Bank (1st Floor, Golfzon Joymaru, 40 Expo-ro 97beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34125, Republic of Korea, Tel.: +82-42-628-1111, Ext. 102, E-mail: kwakej@hanafn.com). The standby letter of credit or bank guarantee shall be payable upon KASI’s first written demand stating that the successful Bidder, without justifiable cause, has failed to execute the Contract within the period specified by KASI.     (3) A Bidder intending to furnish Bid Security in cash shall obtain KASI’s bank account details from the contractual point of contact in advance and ensure that the funds are credited to KASI’s account by the Bid Closing Date and Time.     (4) KASI may waive all or part of the Bid Security, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and KASI regulations, for: (i) a central or local government agency; (ii) a public institution or equivalent foreign public-sector entity; (iii) a legal entity at least 50% of whose basic assets are contributed or invested by a central or local government; or (iv) a research institute or university having a valid Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MOU) with KASI, provided that KASI determines that the applicable grounds for exemption are satisfied and that there is no material risk that the Bidder will refuse to enter into the Contract after award. A Bidder seeking an exemption shall submit supporting documents and a Bid Security Payment Undertaking in the form required by KASI no later than the Bid Closing Date and Time. The exemption shall be effective only upon KASI’s approval. If the exemption is not approved, the Bidder shall be deemed not to have furnished the required Bid Security, and the Bid may be invalidated in accordance with applicable laws, KASI regulations, and the Bidding Documents.   3) Bid Security furnished by unsuccessful Bidders shall be released or returned promptly after the successful Bidder has executed the Contract, or after the bidding procedure has been cancelled, unless otherwise required by applicable law or KASI regulations. The successful Bidder’s Bid Security shall be released after execution of the Contract and submission of the required Performance Security.   4) The Bid Security shall be forfeited if the successful Bidder, without justifiable cause, fails to execute the Contract within the period specified by KASI. 5. Performance Security   1) The successful Bidder shall furnish Performance Security in favor of KASI in an amount not less than ten percent (10%) of the total Contract Price no later than the execution of the Contract; provided, however, that KASI may permit a foreign successful Bidder to furnish it within a separately specified period after execution of the Contract. Failure to furnish the Performance Security within the period specified by KASI shall constitute a material breach of the Contract and may result in suspension of payment, termination of the Contract, or other remedies available under the Contract and applicable KASI regulations.   2) The Performance Security may be furnished in cash, by a performance bond insurance policy, an unconditional and irrevocable bank guarantee, an irrevocable standby letter of credit, or any other form permitted under KASI regulations and accepted by KASI. Any bank guarantee or standby letter of credit shall be issued by a reputable bank acceptable to KASI. The Performance Security shall remain valid until completion and final acceptance of the Contract, or until such later date as specified in the RFP or the Contract.   3) KASI may waive all or part of the Performance Security where permitted under KASI regulations. A Contractor granted such waiver shall submit a Performance Security Payment Undertaking in the form required by KASI. 6. Liquidated Damages for Delay   1) If the Contractor fails, for reasons attributable to the Contractor, to complete the Services or submit an applicable Deliverable by the contractual due date, liquidated damages shall accrue at the rate of 0.125% of the total Contract Price for each calendar day of delay. Where a completed and severable portion has been inspected and accepted by KASI, the value of that portion shall be deducted from the Contract Price used as the basis for calculating liquidated damages. The aggregate liquidated damages shall not exceed thirty percent (30%) of the total Contract Price. No liquidated damages shall accrue for any period of delay not attributable to the Contractor.   2) KASI may terminate the Contract if, without justifiable cause, the Contractor’s delay causes the accrued liquidated damages to reach or exceed ten percent (10%) of the total Contract Price. 7. Determination of the Successful Bidder   1) Bidders eligible for negotiation shall be selected and ranked based on their combined Technical and Price Evaluation scores. KASI shall conduct negotiations in order of ranking, and the successful Bidder shall be determined only upon successful completion of negotiations.   2) The evaluation shall consist of a Technical Evaluation of up to ninety (90) points and a Price Evaluation of up to ten (10) points, for a total of one hundred (100) points. The detailed evaluation criteria, scoring methods, and requirements for eligibility for negotiation are set forth in the RFP.   3) If negotiations with the highest-ranked negotiation-eligible Bidder are unsuccessful, KASI may terminate those negotiations and commence negotiations with the next-ranked negotiation-eligible Bidder. KASI shall not conduct negotiations concurrently with multiple Bidders unless expressly permitted under the applicable rules. 8. Invalidation of the Bid    A Bid shall be invalid if it falls under any ground for invalidation prescribed in Article 44 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to Which the State Is a Party, applicable KASI procurement regulations, or the bidding documents. 9. Remarks   1) This procurement is conducted on an urgent basis due to the Project implementation schedule and its linkage with the national program.   2)  This Project may be adjusted, suspended, or terminated depending on the results of stage-gate evaluations conducted by KASA, changes in government policy, or national budget allocations. Any such adjustment, suspension, or termination shall not, by itself, constitute a default or breach by KASI. Payment and final settlement shall be made in accordance with the Contract and applicable laws for Services properly performed and accepted by KASI.   3) Bidders shall review and understand the RFP and all other bidding documents before submitting a Bid and shall bear the consequences of any failure to do so.   4) All Bid Documents shall be complete, accurate, and truthful. If any material statement or document is found to be false, forged, altered, or misleading, KASI may invalidate the Bid, cancel the award, terminate the Contract, forfeit any applicable security where permitted under the relevant security provisions, and take any other action permitted under applicable law and KASI regulations.   5) All documents submitted for this Bidding shall not be returned.   6) Each Bidder shall bear all costs incurred in preparing and submitting its Bid. Evaluation results shall be disclosed only to the extent required or permitted by applicable laws and KASI regulations, and any objection shall be handled in accordance with the procedures prescribed by KASI.   7) Bidders shall keep confidential all non-public information obtained in connection with this bidding and shall use it solely for the purpose of preparing their Bids, except where disclosure is required by applicable law or authorized in writing by KASI. Any violation may result in civil or criminal liability, restriction on participation in future KASI bidding, or other measures under applicable laws and KASI regulations.   8) This bidding procedure and the resulting Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Korea, without regard to its conflict-of-laws principles.   9) Matters relating to the bidding, proposal evaluation, negotiation, and contract award procedures shall be governed by the KASI regulations and bidding documents in effect as of the Bid Closing Date.   10) In the event of any inconsistency before execution of the Contract, this Bid Notice shall prevail with respect to administrative bidding matters, including the submission deadline, submission method, Bid Documents, Bid Security, and Bid currency. For all other matters, the order of precedence specified in the RFP shall apply. After execution of the Contract, the order of precedence specified in the Contract shall apply. 10. RFP and Related Bidding Documents    For detailed requirements concerning technical matters, performance, interfaces, quality, security, intellectual property, proposal preparation, evaluation, negotiation, and contractual terms, Bidders shall review and comply with the RFP and all Annexes and Attachments, which form an integral part of the bidding documents. 11. Point of Contact  Contractual matters Technical matters Procurement Team Attn.: Kim Hyungjung Tel: +82-42-865-3344 e-mail: klight2@kasi.re.kr Center for Space Situational Awareness Attn.: Kim Myungjin Tel: +82-42-869-5914 e-mail: skarma@kasi.re.kr 2026. 8. 11. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2026B in UST KASI School From Big Questions to Big Science Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(KASI), through the University of Science and Technology(UST) School, invites applications for doctoral (direct and integrated) programs beginning in September 2026. Successful applicants will receive a competitive monthly stipend of approximately USD 1,600 for the duration of the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a leading hub for science, technology, and education in Korea. On-campus accommodation will be provided for up to three years, offering a convenient and supportive living environment for students.  KASI conducts cutting-edge research across a wide range of fields in astronomy and astrophysics, including instrumentation, observations, and theoretical studies. The institute is actively involved in major international collaborations and independent projects such as Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV(SDSS-IV), Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet), and Korean VLBI Network (KVN). For the upcoming semester, KASI is accepting applications in the following research areas: • Astronomical Instrumentations - supervisor: Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr) For detailed descriptions of specific research topics, please refer to the attached list or visit our program webpage: https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140 We strongly encourage applications from qualified international students. Applicants holding a BSc degree may apply for the integrated PhD program, while those with an MSc degree are eligible to apply directly to the PhD program. Inquiries regarding specific research areas should be directed to the respective faculty members. For general inquiries, please contact the Chief Major Professor, Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr). For detailed information on the application process, please visit the UST admissions webpage: https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do Applications will be accepted from April 13 to April 24 (17:00 KST). Please note that only applications submitted within this period will be considered. Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student.  1) Research Overview   - Research on polishing and assembly alignment technology for the development of Astronomical space observation equipment   - Research on optimal data analysis technology according to the characteristics of Astronomical space observation data   - Research on optical system design and analysis for astronomical space telescopes  2) Research Objectives   - To understand the current status of large optical system mirror development technology for Astronomical application   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have an outlook for mid- to long-term optical technology development   - To understand the polishing technology of Astronomical space mirrors   - To understand the Tool Influence Function (TIF) of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and participate in the assembly and alignment process through analysis of assembly and alignment data   - To participate in the assembly alignment process by analyzing assembly alignment data   - Plan and analyze data collection for big data analysis in Astronomy and Space technology.   - To understand the current status of optical polishing machine technology development of large optical systems for Astronomy and Space.   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have a perspective on the development of optical technology in the medium and long term.   - To understand the optical system design and analysis technology of large-scale optical system for Astronomy and Space and study advanced optical system technology and research advanced optical polishing machine technology.  3) Research Methods   - To investigate the literature related to the development technology of large optical system mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications at home and abroad and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure research data related to the polishing technology of mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications, and to acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publication of research papers.   - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature and to understand the novelty of research and development in the Astronomical field   - To obtain and analyze the tool influence function of the mirror to optimize the polishing process   - To hold regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to discuss the research.    - To develop research capabilities through regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to optimize the polishing process by obtaining and analyzing the tool influence functions of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and the experience of assembly and alignment in existing observatories   - To develop new optical systems based on existing research data for polishing and alignment.   - To develop and apply alignment algorithms that can be utilized in the development of new optical systems based on existing data.   - To understand and decipher big data formats in the field of Astronomy and Space technology, and analyze the fusion information between data through data visualization.    - To analyze convergence information between data through data visualization and share research contents through regular team meetings.   - To investigate the literature related to the development of large-scale optics for Astronomy and Space at home and abroad and share knowledge through research meetings and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure core research data in the field of optomechanics for large optical systems for Astronomy and Space, and acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publications.    - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of references through regular publication of papers, and acquire specialized knowledge through domestic and foreign experts.    - To participate in optical and optomechanical design research in the field of telescopic optics to understand the techniques implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies.   - To understand the technologies implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies to develop advanced telescopes.  4) Expected Outcomes   - To understand the domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the Astronomical and Space fields.   - To understand domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the astronomical and space fields, and conduct research with global competitiveness.    - Develop new polishing technologies that can enhance national competitiveness and enable the assembly and alignment of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems.   - To understand domestic and international trends in large advanced telescope opto-mechanical technologies applicable to astronomy and space, and conduct globally competitive research.   - It will enable optomechanical design for the development of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems.

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2026A in UST KASI School Bigger dreams and education to Big science and technology! Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) scholarships starting in March 2026. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1600 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research area: • Cosmology I - supervisor: Prof. Sungwook E. Hong (swhong@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology II - supervisors: Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) and Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) • Exoplanet Atmosphere & ISM/GCM - supervisor: Prof. Kwang-Il Seon (kiseon@kasi.re.kr) • Space Weather – supervisor: Prof. Yukinaga Miyashita (miyasita@kasi.re.kr) • Dust Astrophysics - supervisor: Prof. Thiem Hoang (thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr) • High-mass Stars - supervisor: Prof. Kee-Tae Kim (ktkim@kasi.re.kr) • Astronomical Instrumentations - supervisor: Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr) • Magnetic Fields in Binary Stars – supervisor: Prof. Hyosun Kim (hkim@kasi.re.kr) and for the detailed description of the specific research topics, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140). We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during September 22 to October 16 (17:00 KST).  Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Sungwook E. Hong (swhong@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Understanding Large-scale Structures of the Universe using Massive Cosmological Simulations and AI To conduct cosmological research using next-generation large-scale surveys such as DESI, LSST, and SKA, it is essential to utilize hydrodynamic simulation data that cover volumes comparable to or larger than those of the surveys under various cosmological models. However, the volume of current global hydrodynamic simulations is significantly smaller than that of these upcoming surveys. In contrast, large-scale N-body simulations conducted by the Korean astronomy community have volumes comparable to those of the surveys, but they lack the detailed gas information necessary for target selection in these surveys, making direct application challenging. To overcome this limitation, global efforts are underway to apply artificial intelligence to large-scale simulations. This research aims to lead in this competitive field. Development of Next-Generation Spectroscopic Survey Instruments and Cosmological Research Participating in the instrumentation development for the A-SPEC spectroscopic observation project, which began in 2021 with the goal of creating a complete 3D map of the nearby accelerating universe. Based on observational data, this research conducts cosmological studies of the nearby universe. The long-term goal is to equip participating students with the capabilities to take leading roles in the planning and design phases of future science projects led by Korea. Astrobiological Research in Galaxies and Large-Scale Structures of the Universe The Goldilocks zone—regions suitable for complex life—has primarily been studied in the context of individual stellar systems. However, galaxies across the universe exhibit diverse stellar population distributions depending on their types and environments, leading to variations in the distribution of Goldilocks zones within each galaxy. This research first aims to study the distribution of Goldilocks zones in galaxies and cosmic large-scale structures through simulations, with the long-term goal of applying these findings to actual observational data. 2. Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr),Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. We are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to work on refining AGN-based distance ladder with improved accuracy and precision for cosmological applications. The project will be a collaboration between the radio group and cosmology group at KASI. Developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence, regression approaches) will be a major part of the research during the PhD project or integrated-PhD. In addition, the project will include selecting radio VLBI monitoring data of high redshift (e.g., z=1-5) variable compact radio sources, constraining characteristic time scales of the variability of the sources, obtaining precise measurements of angular size of the variable regions, comparing the AGN-based distance estimates with those from the current cosmological models, etc. Depending on the capability of the candidates, they may proceed with improving the calibration methods of the AGN-based distance measurements. 3. Prof. Kwang-Il Seong (kiseon@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or MSc student. We are recruiting new master’s or doctoral students in the following two research areas. Students will have various numerical methodologies, theoretical backgrounds, observational data analysis techniques, and will apply these to analyze observaitonal data. Exoplanetary Atmosphere The exploration of exoplanets and the understanding exoplanetary atmospheres are pursuits of humanity’s ultimate questions and one of the most important topics in modern astronomy. The Astro2020 report released in the United States places the highest emphasis on the study of exoplanetary atmospheres, and almost all major astronomical instrument projects, whether ongoing or planned, proiritize the study of exoplanetary atmospheres as their primary research objective. Our team has conducted fundamental research over several years to understand the physical phenomena occurring in exoplanetary atmospheres and has studied models for detecting and analyzing the atmospheres of exoplanets, such as Hot Jupiters. We are primarily seeking students who are interested in applying physical priciples to astrophysical phenomena and who have talent in computer programming. However, students interested in exoplanet observational research are also welcome. Master’s student will conduct research analyzing H-alpha and He I absorption line observaitonal data by applying a one-dimensional model that combines p-winds, based on the Parker wind model, with cloudy. Ph.D. students will work on developing atmospheric escape models by modifying three-dimensional hydrodynamic models such as Athena, together with cloudy and the 3D code MOCASSIN. Ultimately, they will pursue reseach that connects the lower atmosphere near the exoplanet’s surface with the upper atmosphere. For those interested in observational research, both Master’s and Ph.D. students will analyze various molecular lines in the lower atmosphere using Bayesian methods, based on IGRINS observational studies. In addition, through the Ph.D. program, we aim to investigate the mechanmics by which Hot Jupiters are formed and their relation to the ice line. Interstellar and Circumgalactic Medium Understanding the formation and evolution of various star-forming galaxies, from the distant universe to the nearby universe, is an important topic in astronomy. In particular, strong outflows emitted from galaxies and inflows of material accreted from outside into galaxies play a crucial role in galactic evolution. For the Master’s program, the research will focus on analyzing the spectral shapes as a function of distance in the Ly-alpha halo, assuming various models such as the spherical shell model and the accelerating halo model. The aim is to explore models that can explain the observed spectral variations with distance. For the Ph.D. program, research will be carried out depending on the student’s interest among the following five topics: (1) Investigating the formation mechanisms of the very extended Ly-alpha emission observed around Lyman-Alpha emitters and quasars (whether it is emitted from gravitationally collapsing gas, or wether it originates from the central galaxy and is subsequently re-emitted through resonant scattering), (2) Studying the correlation between Lyman continuum escape fraction and relate phenomena, (3) Developing halo models of galaxies that can simultaneously explain emission or absorption lines of heavy elements such as Mg II, Si II, and C VI, (4) Studying the relationship between clumpiness of interstellar medium and spectra orginating from interstellar dust, and (5) Investigating sysmtematic errors in interstellar extinction measurements caused by spatial variations in interstellar dust temperature. 4. Prof. Yukinaga Miyashita (miyasita@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for Ph.D or Integrated-Ph.D Course In Center for Heliophysics Research, Division of Fundamental Astronomy and Space Science, we are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to undertake research in the area of magnetospheric physics, space weather, and space plasma physics. A successful candidate will be involved in a project to study space weather (near-Earth space environment) and solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, including onset and development mechanisms of space storms and substorms, and associated dynamic auroras. This project will involve analyzing various kinds of in situ and remote-sensing observation data from multiple spacecraft (e.g., MMS, THEMIS, ERG, and SNIPE) and ground-based instruments (e.g., auroral cameras, magnetometers, and radars). The student will learn a wide range of this research area and choose and find research topics related to storms, substorms, and/or other magnetospheric phenomena for their dissertation. 5. Prof. Thiem Hoang (thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr)  The Role of Gravity and Magnetic Fields in the Formation of Stars, Planets, and Black Holes and their Impact on Interstellar/Circumgalactic Matter  (Ph.D or Integrated-Ph.D Course) We seek highly motivated candidates for 2 Ph.D or Integrated Ph.D positions in Theoretical Astrophysics at the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, under the supervision of Professor Thiem Hoang. The successful candidate will join our research group to investigate the role of gravity and magnetic fields in the formation of stars, planets, and black holes from interstellar matter (dust and gas); and to study the influence of stellar and black hole feedback on interstellar and circumgalactic matter.  The successful candidates will work on: (1) numerical modeling of dust emission/polarization, numerical simulations, and synthetic observations of polarization, and/or (2) data analysis and modeling of multiwavelength polarization data from different polarimetric instruments such as SOFIA/HAWC+, JCMT, ALMA, and future SKA. One position will focus on the interstellar medium and star/planet formation, while the other will focus on the interstellar medium and the growth and feedback of black holes.  6. Prof. Kee-Tae Kim (ktkim@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Investigating the formation conditions and mechanisms of high-mass stars: High-mass (higher than 8 solar masses) stars are fundamental in the evolution of galaxies. However, their formation is still poorly understood. This is because they are rare and mostly located distant, they form in clusters in very high-extinction regions, and they form and evolve fast. It is under much debate whether high-mass stars form like low-mass stars. My group’s research focuses on the physical, chemical, dynamical, magnetic field properties of the clouds and cores forming high-mass stars and the characteristics of the disk-outflow systems around very young high-mass stars. We use single-dish radio telescopes (e.g., KVN 21m, JCMT) and radio interferometers (e.g., JVLA, ALMA). We already obtained high-sensitivity, high-angular resolution data for large samples of high-mass stars in formation using ALMA. We are undertaking both various statistical studies for the samples and detailed studies for several interesting sources/groups, together with international collaborators. We aim to investigate the condition, mechanism, and impact of high-mass star formation. We are looking for 1-2 highly motivated PhD or integrated PhD students for this project. 7. Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student.  1) Research Overview    - Research on polishing and assembly alignment technology for the development of Astronomical space observation equipment   - Research on optimal data analysis technology according to the characteristics of Astronomical space observation data   - Research on optical system design and analysis for astronomical space telescopes  2) Research Objectives   - To understand the current status of large optical system mirror development technology for Astronomical application   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have an outlook for mid- to long-term optical technology development   - To understand the polishing technology of Astronomical space mirrors   - To understand the Tool Influence Function (TIF) of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and participate in the assembly and alignment process through analysis of assembly and alignment data   - To participate in the assembly alignment process by analyzing assembly alignment data   - Plan and analyze data collection for big data analysis in Astronomy and Space technology.   - To understand the current status of optical polishing machine technology development of large optical systems for Astronomy and Space.   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have a perspective on the development of optical technology in the medium and long term.   - To understand the optical system design and analysis technology of large-scale optical system for Astronomy and Space and study advanced optical system technology and research advanced optical polishing machine technology  3) Research Methods   - To investigate the literature related to the development technology of large optical system mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications at home and abroad and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure research data related to the polishing technology of mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications, and to acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publication of research papers.   - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature and to understand the novelty of research and development in the Astronomical field   - To obtain and analyze the tool influence function of the mirror to optimize the polishing process   - To hold regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to discuss the research.    - To develop research capabilities through regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to optimize the polishing process by obtaining and analyzing the tool influence functions of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and the experience of assembly and alignment in existing  observatories   - To develop new optical systems based on existing research data for polishing and alignment.   - To develop and apply alignment algorithms that can be utilized in the development of new optical systems based on existing data.   - To understand and decipher big data formats in the field of Astronomy and Space technology, and analyze the fusion information between data through data visualization.    - To analyze convergence information between data through data visualization and share research contents through regular team meetings.   - To investigate the literature related to the development of large-scale optics for Astronomy and Space at home and abroad and share knowledge through research meetings and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure core research data in the field of optomechanics for large optical systems for Astronomy and Space, and acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publications.    - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of references through regular publication of papers, and acquire specialized knowledge through domestic and foreign experts.    - To participate in optical and optomechanical design research in the field of telescopic optics to understand the techniques implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies.   - To understand the technologies implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies to develop advanced telescopes.  4) Expected Outcomes   - To understand the domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the Astronomical and Space fields.   - To understand domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the astronomical and space fields, and conduct research with global competitiveness.    - Develop new polishing technologies that can enhance national competitiveness and enable the assembly and alignment of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems.   - To understand domestic and international trends in large advanced telescope opto-mechanical technologies applicable to astronomy and space, and conduct globally competitive research.   - It will enable optomechanical design for the development of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems. 8. Prof. Hyosun Kim (hkim@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student.  1) Research Overview: Just like human beings, stars are also “born,” evolve, and eventually reach the stage of “death” in what we call the life cycle of a star. Stars shine most beautifully in their old age. By studying the final stages—red giants and planetary nebulae, we aim to understand the life (evolutionary process) of stars, their “social lives” (interactions with other stars), and their influence on the next stellar generation (their physical and chemical roles in returning material to the interstellar medium). In particular, most planetary nebulae are observed to have asymmetric bipolar or multipolar structures, and we seek the origin of this asymmetry in the interactions with companion stars.  2) Research Objectives: To understand how magnetic fields influence the spiral-shell structures and accretion disks formed around binary stars, and how these magnetic fields are themselves affected by the binary-induced structures.  3) Research Methods: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and analysis of interferometric radio observations.   - Performing MHD code validation tests (e.g., shock tube tests).   - Examining the effects of introducing plane-parallel magnetic fields into (existed) circumbinary material models.   - Examining the effects of introducing dipole magnetic fields at the center of mass of the system.  - Investigating the driving mechanisms of magnetic fields at the surfaces of individual stars and examining their interactions.  - Comparing simulation outcomes with polarization data from radio interferometry.  4) Expected Outcomes: A deeper understanding of the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of aging binary stars. This project is for a MSc student.  1) Research Overview: Just like human beings, stars are also “born,” evolve, and eventually reach the stage of “death” in what we call the life cycle of a star. Stars shine most beautifully in their old age. By studying the final stages—red giants and planetary nebulae, we aim to understand the life (evolutionary process) of stars, their “social lives” (interactions with other stars), and their influence on the next stellar generation (their physical and chemical roles in returning material to the interstellar medium). In particular, most planetary nebulae are observed to have asymmetric bipolar or multipolar structures, and we seek the origin of this asymmetry in the interactions with companion stars. 2) Research Objectives: To understand how magnetic fields influence the spiral-shell structures and accretion disks formed around binary stars, and how these magnetic fields are themselves affected by the binary-induced structures. 3) Research Methods: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and analysis of interferometric radio observations. After performing MHD code validation tests (e.g., shock tube tests), examining the effects of introducing plane-parallel magnetic fields into (existed) circumbinary material models. 4) Expected Outcomes: A deeper understanding of the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of aging binary stars.

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2025B in UST KASI School Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) scholarships starting in September 2025. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1600 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research area: • Astronomical Instrumentations - supervisor: Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology I - supervisor: Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology II - supervisor: Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr), Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) • Star Formation - supervisor: Prof. Yusuke Aso (yaso@kasi.re.kr)  • Dust Astrophysics - supervisor: Prof. Thiem Hoang (thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr)  • High-mass Stars - supervisor: Prof. Kee-Tae Kim (ktkim@kasi.re.kr) • Solar Physics - supervisor: Prof. Sung-Hong Park (shpark@kasi.re.kr) and for the detailed description of the specific research topic, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140). We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during April 16 to May 7 (17:00 KST).  Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. 1) Research Overview   - Research on polishing and assembly alignment technology for the development of Astronomical space observation equipment   - Research on optimal data analysis technology according to the characteristics of Astronomical space observation data   - Research on optical system design and analysis for astronomical space telescopes 2) Research Objectives   - To understand the current status of large optical system mirror development technology for Astronomical application   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have an outlook for mid- to long-term optical technology development   - To understand the polishing technology of Astronomical space mirrors   - To understand the Tool Influence Function (TIF) of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and participate in the assembly and alignment process through analysis of assembly and alignment data   - To participate in the assembly alignment process by analyzing assembly alignment data   - Plan and analyze data collection for big data analysis in Astronomy and Space technology.   - To understand the current status of optical polishing machine technology development of large optical systems for Astronomy and Space.   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have a perspective on the development of optical technology in the medium and long term.   - To understand the optical system design and analysis technology of large-scale optical system for Astronomy and Space and study advanced optical system technology and research advanced optical polishing machine technology. 3) Research Methods   - To investigate the literature related to the development technology of large optical system mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications at home and abroad and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure research data related to the polishing technology of mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications, and to acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publication of research papers.   - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature and to understand the novelty of research and development in the Astronomical field   - To obtain and analyze the tool influence function of the mirror to optimize the polishing process   - To hold regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to discuss the research.    - To develop research capabilities through regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to optimize the polishing process by obtaining and analyzing the tool influence functions of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and the experience of assembly and alignment in existing observatories   - To develop new optical systems based on existing research data for polishing and alignment.   - To develop and apply alignment algorithms that can be utilized in the development of new optical systems based on existing data.   - To understand and decipher big data formats in the field of Astronomy and Space technology, and analyze the fusion information between data through data visualization.    - To analyze convergence information between data through data visualization and share research contents through regular team meetings.   - To investigate the literature related to the development of large-scale optics for Astronomy and Space at home and abroad and share knowledge through research meetings and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure core research data in the field of optomechanics for large optical systems for Astronomy and Space, and acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publications.    - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of references through regular publication of papers, and acquire specialized knowledge through domestic and foreign experts.    - To participate in optical and optomechanical design research in the field of telescopic optics to understand the techniques implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies.   - To understand the technologies implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies to develop advanced telescopes. 4) Expected Outcomes   - To understand the domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the Astronomical and Space fields.   - To understand domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the astronomical and space fields, and conduct research with global competitiveness.    - Develop new polishing technologies that can enhance national competitiveness and enable the assembly and alignment of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems.   - To understand domestic and international trends in large advanced telescope opto-mechanical technologies applicable to astronomy and space, and conduct globally competitive research.   - It will enable optomechanical design for the development of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems. 2. Prof.  Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. We are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to work on physical cosmology. A successful candidate will become officially involved with international collaborations including DESI* (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and DESC** (Dark Energy Science Collaboration of Rubin or formerly LSST) and the project will include studying and performing research on different aspects of physical cosmology such as testing early universe scenarios and studying dark energy using large scale structure and other cosmological data. Developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence, regression approaches) will be a major part of the research during the PhD project or integrated-PhD. * Link to DESI survey: https://www.desi.lbl.gov/ ** Link to DESC: https://lsstdesc.org/ 3. Prof.  Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr),  Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. We are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to work on refining AGN-based distance ladder with improved accuracy and precision for cosmological applications. The project will be a collaboration between the radio group and cosmology group at KASI. Developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence, regression approaches) will be a major part of the research during the PhD project or integrated-PhD. 4. Prof. Yusuke Aso (yaso@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Our research project focuses on utilizing the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the largest connected interferometer in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Developed through a global collaboration, ALMA continues to expand its capabilities and scientific reach toward 2030 and beyond. We seek a highly motivated graduate student interested in advancing scientific research using ALMA. Aims: The primary aim of our project is to investigate the processes of star and planet formation, particularly around low-mass young stellar objects, through observational studies. Our focus is to deepen our understanding of the dynamics during the formation process that includes various types of objects and evolutionary stages from dense cores to planets. Recent observations challenge traditional models, suggesting, for instance, that accreting streamers may influence disk masses even in later stages of evolution. Additionally, a recent survey has indicated that disk substructures, which signal planet formation, might form over a narrower time range than previously thought. This project seeks to identify such physical structures and reveal their roles in the star and planet formation process. Methods: Targets of observations are protostellar/pre-main-sequence systems, such as infalling envelopes, protostellar/protoplanetary disks, outflows/jets, accreting streamers, and circumplanetary disks. The successful applicant will devote their efforts to identify velocity structures and morphology of observed different components, measure physical quantities (mass, length, density, temperature, etc.) of the identified structure, compare them with those of other young stellar objects as well as theoretical studies, and discuss variation and evolution of each structure, These studies will be achieved by newly observing targets with ALMA and other various radio telescopes, such as VLA, JCMT, TRAO, KVN, as well as using existing observational archival data obtained by these observatories. Outcomes: The successful applicant is expected to contribute to the field by publishing a series of research papers as the lead author during their integrated PhD program. They will also have opportunities to present their findings at national and international conferences and workshops. 5. Prof.  Thiem Hoang (thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr)  The Role of Gravity and Magnetic Fields in Cosmic Ecosystems (Ph.D or Integrated-Ph.D Course) We seek highly motivated candidates for 2 Ph.D or Integrated Ph.D positions in Theoretical Astrophysics at the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, under the supervision of Professor Thiem Hoang. The successful candidate will join our research group to investigate the role of gravity and magnetic fields in the formation of stars, planets, and black holes from interstellar matter (dust and gas); and to study the influence of stellar and black hole feedback on interstellar and circumgalactic matter.  One position will focus on the interstellar medium and star/planet formation, while the other will focus on interstellar medium and black hole growth. Selected candidates will receive comprehensive training in analytical and theoretical methods, numerical modeling, simulations, and data analysis, equipping them for a successful career in astrophysics. 6. Prof. Kee-Tae Kim (ktkim@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Investigating the formation conditions and mechanisms of high-mass stars: High-mass (higher than 8 solar masses) stars are fundamental in the evolution of galaxies. However, their formation is still poorly understood. This is because they are rare and mostly located distant, they form in clusters in very high-extinction regions, and they form and evolve fast. It is under much debate whether high-mass stars form like low-mass stars. My group’s research focuses on the physical, chemical, dynamical, magnetic field properties of the clouds and cores forming high-mass stars and the characteristics of the disk-outflow systems around very young high-mass stars. We use single-dish radio telescopes (e.g., KVN 21m, JCMT) and radio interferometers (e.g., JVLA, ALMA). We already obtained high-sensitivity, high-angular resolution data for large samples of high-mass stars in formation using ALMA. We are undertaking both various statistical studies for the samples and detailed studies for several interesting sources/groups, together with international collaborators. We aim to investigate the condition, mechanism, and impact of high-mass star formation. We are looking for 1-2 highly motivated PhD or integrated PhD students for this project. 7. Prof. Sung-Hong Park (shpark@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Observational Study on the Driving Mechanism of Solar Flares and CMEs and Their Impacts on Space Weather  The Sun, the only star in the solar system, continuously supplies matter and energy to the heliosphere through energy accumulation and release processes driven by the generation and evolution of its magnetic field. Various solar magnetic eruptions occur, ranging from jet phenomena in the chromosphere and corona to large-scale events such as solar flares, which involve intense bursts of radiation, and coronal mass ejection (CMEs), which expel magnetic fields and mass from the corona. Despite extensive research, the exact driving mechanisms behind both small-scale eruptions (such as jets) and large-scale events (such as flares and CMEs) remain unresolved, along with the ability to predict their occurrence. While numerical simulations based on the latest theoretical models are actively being conducted, collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting observational data from various perspectives remains a crucial aspect of research. In particular, the ability to comprehensively analyze and interpret high-resolution, multi-wavelength ground-based and satellite observations has become increasingly important. Through the UST Ph.D. or integrated program, students will develop the ability to analyze various high-resolution observational data covering the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. By investigating multiple solar magnetic eruptions from different angles, they will infer the underlying mechanisms of these events and logically interpret the relationship between solar activity and space weather changes. This training aims to cultivate highly skilled researchers in solar physics and space weather fields. 

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2025A in UST KASI School Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) scholarships starting from March 2025. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1600 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research area: • Astronomical Instrumentations - supervisor: Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology I - supervisor: Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology II - supervisor: Prof. David Parkinson (davidparkinson@kasi.re.kr)  • Dust Astrophysics - supervisor: Prof. Thiem Hoang (thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr)  • Galaxies - supervisors: Prof. Kwang-il Seon (kiseon@kasi.re.kr)  and Prof. Hong Soo Park (hspark@kasi.re.kr)  • Star Formation - supervisor: Prof. Yusuke Aso (yaso@kasi.re.kr)  and for the detailed description of the specific research topic, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140). We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during September 27 to October 18 (17:00 KST). Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Jeong-Yeol Han (jhan@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. 1) Research Overview   - Research on polishing and assembly alignment technology for the development of Astronomical space observation equipment   - Research on optimal data analysis technology according to the characteristics of Astronomical space observation data   - Research on optical system design and analysis for astronomical space telescopes 2) Research Objectives   - To understand the current status of large optical system mirror development technology for Astronomical application   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have an outlook for mid- to long-term optical technology development   - To understand the polishing technology of Astronomical space mirrors   - To understand the Tool Influence Function (TIF) of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and participate in the assembly and alignment process through analysis of assembly and alignment data   - To participate in the assembly alignment process by analyzing assembly alignment data   - Plan and analyze data collection for big data analysis in Astronomy and Space technology.   - To understand the current status of optical polishing machine technology development of large optical systems for Astronomy and Space.   - To understand the development trend of advanced optical systems at home and abroad and have a perspective on the development of optical technology in the medium and long term.   - To understand the optical system design and analysis technology of large-scale optical system for Astronomy and Space and study advanced optical system technology and research advanced optical polishing machine technology. 3) Research Methods   - To investigate the literature related to the development technology of large optical system mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications at home and abroad and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.  - To secure research data related to the polishing technology of mirrors for Astronomical and Space applications, and to acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publication of research papers.   - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature and to understand the novelty of research and development in the Astronomical field   - To obtain and analyze the tool influence function of the mirror to optimize the polishing process   - To hold regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to discuss the research.    - To develop research capabilities through regular and irregular meetings with the supervisor to optimize the polishing process by obtaining and analyzing the tool influence functions of mirrors   - To understand the assembly and alignment procedures of telescopic optical systems and the experience of assembly and alignment in existing observatories   - To develop new optical systems based on existing research data for polishing and alignment.   - To develop and apply alignment algorithms that can be utilized in the development of new optical systems based on existing data.   - To understand and decipher big data formats in the field of Astronomy and Space technology, and analyze the fusion information between data through data visualization.    - To analyze convergence information between data through data visualization and share research contents through regular team meetings.   - To investigate the literature related to the development of large-scale optics for Astronomy and Space at home and abroad and share knowledge through research meetings and share relevant knowledge through research meetings.   - To secure core research data in the field of optomechanics for large optical systems for Astronomy and Space, and acquire sophisticated knowledge of the literature through regular publications.    - To acquire sophisticated knowledge of references through regular publication of papers, and acquire specialized knowledge through domestic and foreign experts.    - To participate in optical and optomechanical design research in the field of telescopic optics to understand the techniques implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies.   - To understand the technologies implemented in existing telescopes and apply new research methodologies to develop advanced telescopes. 4) Expected Outcomes   - To understand the domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the Astronomical and Space fields.   - To understand domestic and international trends in the development of large-scale advanced reflective optical systems that can be applied to the astronomical and space fields, and conduct research with global competitiveness.    - Develop new polishing technologies that can enhance national competitiveness and enable the assembly and alignment of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems.   - To understand domestic and international trends in large advanced telescope opto-mechanical technologies applicable to astronomy and space, and conduct globally competitive research.  - It will enable optomechanical design for the development of increasingly diverse, large, and complex optical systems. 2. Prof.  Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. We are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to work on physical cosmology. A successful candidate will become officially involved with DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and Rubin (former Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) surveys and the project will include studying and performing research on different aspects of physical cosmology such as testing early universe scenarios and studying dark energy using large scale structure and other cosmological data. Developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (data mining, machine learning, regression approaches) will be a major part of the research during the PhD project or integrated-PhD. 3. Prof.  David Parkinson (davidparkinson@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. In the cosmology group we are looking for enthusiastic and competent PhD candidates to undertake research in the area of cosmological and theoretical astrophysics. The next generation of large-area astronomical surveys will provide new and accurate data for answering such important questions as “what is the nature of the mysterious dark energy?” and “what were the initial conditions of the Universe?” A successful candidate will have the opportunity to become involved in two of these surveys, DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) in the optical, and EMU (the Evolutionary Map of the Universe) in the radio. The project will involve analysing data from these surveys and testing these cosmological models (such as dark energy theories and alternative models of gravity) against this data. The project will also involve developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (such as Bayesian methods, and machine learning approaches), providing training in the area of big data analysis, which will be useful both inside astrophysics and external industrial sectors.   4. Prof.  Thiem Hoang (thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr)  Dust Physics and 3D Magnetic Fields in the Star and Planet Formation Process (This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student.) We seek highly motivated candidates for one PhD or Integrated PhD position in Theoretical Astrophysics at the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, under the supervision of Professor Thiem Hoang. The successful candidate will join our research group to investigate dust physical processes and the critical role of magnetic fields in the star and planet formation process. The student will perform multiwavelength synthetic modeling of dust emission and polarization, and analyze observational data from JCMT/POL2, ALMA, and JWST to constrain dust physics and magnetic field properties in star-forming and planet-forming environments. Selected candidates will receive comprehensive training in analytical and theoretical methods, numerical modeling, and data analysis, equipping them for a successful career in astrophysics. 5. Prof. Kwang-il Seon (yaso@kasi.re.kr) and Prof. Hong Soo Park (hspark@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Our project aims to systematically survey very faint or low-mass dwarf galaxies in the nearby universe. Main topics for PhD student involved in the dwarf galaxy project are:  (1) searching for extremely faint-diffuse dwarf galaxies or low surface brightness objects,  (2) investigating the dwarf galaxies themselves, as well as the properties of galaxy groups or low-density environments to which they belong, and  (3) probing small-scale cosmological problems in the nearby universe.PhD student in this project will develop various technical algorithms (e.g. visual, semi-automated, or automated methods such as machine learning) to search for faint galaxies. The student will primarily use deep stacked images or time series data from variable objects based on the LSST data and may sometimes use observational data from KMTNet for high cadence or Gemini-South for interesting objects. 6. Prof. Yusuke Aso (yaso@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Our research project focuses on utilizing the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the largest connected interferometer in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Developed through a global collaboration, ALMA continues to expand its capabilities and scientific reach toward 2030 and beyond. We seek a highly motivated graduate student interested in advancing scientific research using ALMA. Aims: The primary aim of our project is to investigate the processes of star and planet formation, particularly around low-mass young stellar objects, through observational studies. Our focus is to deepen our understanding of the dynamics during the formation process that includes various types of objects and evolutionary stages from dense cores to planets. Recent observations challenge traditional models, suggesting, for instance, that accreting streamers may influence disk masses even in later stages of evolution. Additionally, a recent survey has indicated that disk substructures, which signal planet formation, might form over a narrower time range than previously thought. This project seeks to identify such physical structures and reveal their roles in the star and planet formation process. Methods: Targets of observations are protostellar/pre-main-sequence systems, such as infalling envelopes, protostellar/protoplanetary disks, outflows/jets, accreting streamers, and circumplanetary disks. The successful applicant will devote their efforts to identify velocity structures and morphology of observed different components, measure physical quantities (mass, length, density, temperature, etc.) of the identified structure, compare them with those of other young stellar objects as well as theoretical studies, and discuss variation and evolution of each structure, These studies will be achieved by newly observing targets with ALMA and other various radio telescopes, such as VLA, JCMT, TRAO, KVN, as well as using existing observational archival data obtained by these observatories. Outcomes: The successful applicant is expected to contribute to the field by publishing a series of research papers as the lead author during their integrated PhD program. They will also have opportunities to present their findings at national and international conferences and workshops.

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2024B in UST KASI School Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) scholarships starting from September 2024. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1600 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research area: • Radio Astronomy (supervisor: Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) • Exoplanets - supervisor: Prof. Byeong-Cheol Lee (bclee@kasi.re.kr)  • Star Formation - supervisor: Prof. Chang Won Lee (cwl@kasi.re.kr)  and for the detailed description of the specific research topic, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140). We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during April 17 to May 8 (17:00 KST). Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) and Prof. Youngjoo Yun (yjyun@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. At the late stage of stellar evolution, stars expel most of their mass through the strong winds which are driven by the stellar pulsation and dust condensation in the circumstellar envelopes. The high mass-loss rate of evolved stars strongly regulates the stellar fate, influencing the morphological variety of planetary nebulae, the population of white dwarfs, supernovae, the fate of exoplanets orbiting them, and ultimately contributing to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. The circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars are optically thick due to the expelled stellar material, so the radio emission is an important tracer to study the physical environments of the surrounding gas and dust, as well as the stars themselves.  This project aims to study the stellar evolution from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) to the planetary nebula (PN), during which stars undergo the radical changes in terms of their morphology, chemical composition, and interior structure. The strong stellar pulsation of late-type stars is the main driving mechanism for the large fluctuations of stellar luminosity and copious mass loss. The periods of these pulsations span a few years, allowing them to be observed during a human lifetime. Thus, monitoring observations toward individual stars located in different evolutionary stages along the AGB track enable us to trace the mass loss history of stars and study the dynamical/chemical processes during late stellar evolutions. The stellar masers are commonly observed in most evolved stars and their excitation conditions are very sensitive to the physical properties of the circumstellar envelopes. Furthermore, the temporal variability of maser intensity shows a strong correlation with the period of stellar pulsation. Thus, the radio observations for the stellar masers can lead us to the rigorous study of physical properties along the stellar pulsation cycle. The stellar masers are sharply collimated in a specific direction and trace the high-density regions during their propagations within the circumstellar envelopes. The VLBI can resolve individual maser spots, enabling us to see the innermost regions of circumstellar envelopes with high spatial resolutions. The Korean VLBI Network (KVN) can observe stellar masers simultaneously at four frequency bands, allowing different maser lines to be observed at the same time. Each maser line is triggered by different physical conditions, indicating various locations from the central star. This implies that we can obtain information about the physical conditions along the radial directions through the circumstellar envelopes. Since 2014, this project has accumulated VLBI data from KVN observations towards numerous evolved stars, producing outstanding outcomes almost every year based on the accumulated results. There still remain many VLBI data to be analyzed for a comprehensive understanding of the late stage of stellar evolution. PhD students in this project are expected to carry out the data reduction of accumulated KVN data and study the dynamical evolution of circumstellar envelopes by tracing temporal and spatial variabilities of stellar masers. During their PhD courses, students can uncover the mass-loss history of individual stars and acquire statistical characteristics of stellar masers corresponding to different evolutionary stages. Furthermore, students should propose their own VLBI observations, conduct the observations, and perform data reduction to complete their scientific investigations. Their PhD thesis can contribute a crucial piece to the puzzle of stellar evolutions. 2. Prof. Byeong-Cheol Lee (bclee@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. In this project, we want to achieve two main goals. First of all, we expect various achievements through efficient use and cooperation of the research equipment of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) through microlensing research using KASI/KMTNet.  - Exploration of exoplanets using KMTNet (Earth-like planet discovery, lonely planet discovery, etc) - Development of an event detection algorithm - Improved photometric precision and development of planetary signal detection algorithmsIn addition, by laying the foundation for the field of exoplanet atmosphere research using spectroscopy/Transit, we will increase our capacity to prepare for the future GMT era. - TESS Follow-up observations by using high-resolution spectrograph. - Atmospheric research on exoplanets using transmission spectroscopy (absorption spectroscopy) methodIn order to carry out the above project, we require students in a PhD or integrated course with related research experience. 3. Prof. Chang Won Lee (cwl@kasi.re.kr)  This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. Our project aims to study early processes in stellar and/or substellar formation in observational ways to understand fundamental formation mechanisms of stars and substellar objects in the molecular clouds and dense cores. Observing targets are dense cores, filamentary clouds, and stellar/substellar objects. Successful applicants will devote their efforts to identify velocity coherent filaments, dense cores, prestellar cores/pre-brown dwarfs, protostellar objects, proto-brown dwarfs, and the signatures of proto-planets to figure out how they form, by using existing spectroscopic and continuum data obtained from various radio observations by TRAO, KVN, JCMT, and ALMA.  

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2024A in UST KASI School Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) scholarships starting from March 2024. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1600 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research area: • Radio Astronomy (supervisor: Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology (supervisor: Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) and for the detailed description of the specific research topics, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140) We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during October 12 to November 1 (17:00 KST). Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Sang-Sung Lee (sslee@kasi.re.kr) Origins of Gamma-ray Flares in Active Galactic Nuclei:  Gamma-ray flares of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are known to generate in innermost regions of relativistic jets which radiate in whole ranges of electromagnetic spectra due to synchrotron radiation, synchrotron self absorption, inverse-Compton scattering, Doppler boosting etc. Here we may raise two questions on the natures of the gamma-ray flares of AGN such as: a) What is the basic cause of the gamma-ray flares from AGNs? b) What is the physical process of the causes? For the first question, there are several suggestions like 1) a relativistic jet of high energy plasma (Marscher et al. 2008), 2) Doppler boosting of synchrotron radiation of the jet (Dermer 1995), 3) inverse Compton scattering by relativistic electrons, etc. For the second question, we may find some candidates and detail mechanism for the gamma-ray flares such as 1) compression and heating of the plasma in the relativistic jets, 2) generation of the relativistic particles, 3) rapid variability in flux and magnetic field. In order to answer to the questions, we may conduct either 1) studies of large samples of flaring AGNs for investigating statistics and correlation of observed properties (Lister et al. 2011), 2) multi-wavelength observations of individual objects for testing time profiles of flares (Jorstad et al. 2010), for studying physical properties of emission features (jet knots) (Agudo et al. 2011), and studying evolution of SEDs (Wehrle et al. 2013), or 3) polarization observations for looking at magnetic field environments (Jorstad et al. 2013). Possible explanations of the gamma-ray flares in AGNs are a) shocks-in-jets propagating within jet flow and b) bending of the whole jets. For both cases, we should expect changes in polarization, luminosity, particle distribution, and structures of jets at mas-scale. The multifrequency simultaneous VLBI/SD observations with KVN are the best tool for detecting such changes correlated with gamma-ray flares. The Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma-ray Bright AGNs (iMOGABA) project (Lee et al. 2016) has been launched in 2015 as a key science program of Korean VLBI Network (KVN). This project uses KVN for monthly interferometric monitoring of morethan 30 gamma-ray bright AGN at 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz simultaneously (Lee et al. 2016). The iMOGABA aims especially at the potential connection between gamma-ray outbursts and the formation of new jet components, by investigating the potential correlation of the gamma-ray light curves with the brightness and mas-scale structures of the inner jets. The monitoring cadence of a month and the observing frequencies of 22-129GHz make this project unique in studying the gamma-ray flaring AGN. 2. Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. We are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to work on physical cosmology. A successful candidate will become officially involved with DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and Rubin (former Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) surveys and the project will include studying and performing research on different aspects of physical cosmology such as testing early universe scenarios and studying dark energy using large scale structure and other cosmological data. Developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (data mining, machine learning, regression approaches) will be a major part of the research during the PhD project or integrated-PhD. 

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2023B in UST KASI School Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) and master scholarships starting from September 2023. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1500 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research areas: • Space Science (supervisor: Prof. Jaeheung Park (pj@kasi.re.kr) and for the detailed description of the specific research topics, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140) We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during April 24 to May 15 (17:00 KST). Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Jaeheung Park (pj@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. This project aims at developing space science instruments that can be carried on CubeSats, such as Langmuir probes to diagnose ionospheric plasma, solid state telescopes to detect high-energy particles coming from the terrestrial radiation belt, and magnetometers that can monitor changes in the geomagnetic field disturbed by space weather. The applicants should have basic knowledge on the university physics, plasma physics, and electronics. Knowledge on or experience in project management, mechanical design, wireless  communication, or low-level programming languages (e.g., assembly, C, and VHDL) will be welcomed. During this project, the students will participate in instrument design, development, testing, and validation. At the end of this project, the students are expected to be able to lead a CubeSat project. 

Call for applications to doctoral programs 2023A in UST KASI School Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) School via the University of Science and Technology (UST) is offering doctoral (direct and integrated) and master scholarships starting from March 2023. PhD scholarships are provided with a competitive salary of about $1500-$2000 per month for the doctoral program. KASI is located in Daejeon, a high tech, educational and research oriented city. Convenient accommodation would be provided to students for the first 3 years in the campus. KASI is actively involved in various fields of astronomy and astrophysics, from astronomical instrumentation to observation and theory, and participates in international collaborative and stand-alone projects including GMT, ALMA, SDSS4, DESI, LSST, KMTNet, and KVN. This semester KASI is accepting applications for the following research areas: • Space Science (supervisor: Prof. Jaeheung Park (pj@kasi.re.kr) • Cosmology (supervisor: Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) and for the detailed description of the specific research topics, see the list attached or in our major homepage (https://www.kasi.re.kr/eng/pageView/140) We encourage qualified international students to apply. Competent students with BSc degrees can apply for an integrated PhD program. Students with MSc degrees may apply directly to the PhD program. Questions on each research area should be sent to each assigned professor, while other questions are sent to the Chief Major Professor (Sang-Sung Lee, sslee@kasi.re.kr). For more information of application, please see the UST web page (https://ust.ac.kr/admission_eng.do). Applications are considered only if they are submitted during September 21 to November 1 (17:00 KST). Best regards, Sang-Sung Lee Chief Major Professor 1. Prof. Jaeheung Park (pj@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student. This project aims at developing space science instruments that can be carried on CubeSats, such as Langmuir probes to diagnose ionospheric plasma, solid state telescopes to detect high-energy particles coming from the terrestrial radiation belt, and magnetometers that can monitor changes in the geomagnetic field disturbed by space weather. The applicants should have basic knowledge on the university physics, plasma physics, and electronics. Knowledge on or experience in project management, mechanical design, wireless  communication, or low-level programming languages (e.g., assembly, C, and VHDL) will be welcomed. During this project, the students will participate in instrument design, development, testing, and validation. At the end of this project, the students are expected to be able to lead a CubeSat project.  2. Prof. Arman Shafieloo (shafieloo@kasi.re.kr) This project is for a PhD or integrated PhD student.  We are looking for competent and enthusiastic PhD candidates to work on physical cosmology and studying dark energy using multi-messenger astronomy. A successful candidate will work on a project to use gravitational wave sources at low and intermediate redshifts (standard sirens) to study dark energy and model independent estimation of Hubble constant. Project would include theoretical analysis, simulations, as well as electromagnetic follow up observation of gravitational wave sources using multiple facilities followed by data reduction and interpretation. Successful candidate would work on projects at Center for the Gravitational-Wave Universe and KASI and can get also officially involved with DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and Rubin (formerly known as LSST) international surveys. Developing advanced statistical methods of data analysis (data mining, machine learning, regression approaches) might be a major part of the research activities during the PhD project or integrated-PhD.